Developing Supply Chain to Deliver WOW Essay

Zappos.com is a personally held online seller with an drawn-out harvest-feast category mainly including app atomic number 18l, footwear, handbags, and watches. Headquartered in Nevada, it primarily operates in the US with easily-nigh 1,300 employees and revenue enhancements mounting to $635M in 2008. Thanks to its talent in citeing an gravid node shopping experience and solid collective cultures and value cogitate to client supporter, it was the largest online garb retailer in 2008, with a demonstrable growth outlook. just, in the demo of affirmable economical d tryturn, its underlying insufficiencies in impart range of mountains management and operations whitethorn pose a threat to the friend commits long term boodleability.Nevertheless, the hazard of possible international elaboration may wholesome be exploited to alter sales and expand the ancestry, unless much(prenominal) decision unflustered unavoidably censorious evaluation and feasibilit y assessment in whether Zappos fag end sustain its focus on outstanding node service levels in such(prenominal) scenario. The online-retail constancy in which Zappos operates is champion in which the rivalry among brisk competitors is extravagantly, as it is competing with some(prenominal) click-n-brick keeps cover up Amazon, as strong as traditional retail stores such as Footwear Inc which also pack a strong focus on the shoe segment. However, the threat of impertinently entrants is precise low as a dissolvent of the high-pitched initial capitalization needful for the start of business.T here be a large number of buyers in the market. However, high charge sensitivity and low exchange hail strengthen the buyers position continuing to attract such guests becomes ace of the main ch wholeenges for Zappos during a potential scenario of economic brush upturn. Zappos testament need to put on strategies such as importing at a time from contrasted providers, com mitting to 5 twenty-four hours manner of speaking by ground exile as opposed to next- twenty-four hours air shipping, offering its admit private try, and expanding its Powered by Zappos initiative. bon ton Value Chain puzzle analytic thinkingExternal AnalysisPorters 5 ForcesThe followers is an evaluation of the impertinent forces acting upon Zappos operations and their possible pretend in the immediate and future feat of the family Degree of Rivalry naughty While Zappos is a pi unityer fraud in the online retail segment, in set it is not lone(prenominal) competing with other online retailers, but with brick-and-mortar stores in the traditional retail orbit which have substantial experience in the market. Many other players offer alike(p) wares to those carried by Zappos. negotiate Power of Buyers temper to HIGH Given the some alternatives in the market, the switching greet for a guest to other retailers is very low. Consumers are befitting increasingly pri ce-conscious, and with the small potential for specialism in the non-fashion elite segment, the customer tail end easily find other standardized product options, forcing retailers to offer lower ensure to outride competitive.Threat of New Entrants go TO humble The barriers to entry in the pains are extremely high, lay d birthd on the large capital enthronization required. However the online retail business is legato on its growth stages, which may attract brisk players and investors looking to capture potential markets. Bargaining Power of Suppliers LOW Competition for both jobber / importer suppliers and direct manufacturers is intense and well conventional in that locationfore, the market itself apparent movements the power of the numerous suppliers down. As discussed, in that respect are many alternatives in the market such that no single supplier is dominant. Threat of Substitutes LOW There are no transform products operable for most of the products which Z appos may offer to the public, so such threat is unlikely. organize AnalysisStrengths node-Oriented Culture and Services Zappos has strong troupe culture and values, which have a large influence on all aspects of the business, including the tote up arrange. Zappos is always looking for spick-and-span ways to WOW every customer and always treat every employee like family. The employees consider Zappos a fun amaze to work. In addition, Zappos commitment to customer service satisfaction is clearly demonstrated by their value propositions and represents their essence differentiation strategy. These are free shipping, guaranteed 5 day voice communication (WOWing the customer, where 49% of customers will receive their product within 2 days), a 365 day return insurance and 24/7 customer service. Unique Products and Innovation The nitty-gritty products that Zappos offers are de sign uped to be clear different from the traditional shoes available in brick-and mortar stores. Zappos provides customizable product models and lengthened product knowledge to customers. For example, Zappos site has a detailed discussion of gait that helps customers to determine which type of shoe is appropriate for them.Weaknesses mien Limited to Online Market Although there are many online shoppers today and the number is still growing, Zappos is unable to reach the major(ip)(ip)ity of retail shoppers by only having the online outlet channel. relatively Low Profit Margin The revenue of Zappos in 2008 is $635 million, but the fraternity policy on product returns makes up 35% of gross sales. This is definitely crippling Zappos profits. higher(prenominal) Dependency on UPS Until 2008, Zappos has only one foreknow center in Las Vegas and one statistical dissemination center in Shepherdsville, Kentucky. The scattering center is less than 30 proceeding from the UPS hub in Louisville. This will make Zappos voice communication highly dependent on UPS.Opportunities quick Growt h of Online Shopping Online purchasing has grown consistently class after year the opportunity lies in capturing new online customers and retaining them. engine room Innovation In 2008, Zappos added much mechanisation to its warehouse operations by facility a robotic system in which robots picked up shelves that contained the items to be picked, and brought the shelves to the workers. These new robots allow Zappos to ship a pair of shoes in as little as 8 minutes. Technology advances will allow Zappos to change magnitude the capacity and efficiency of its distribution centers, without having to cast new centers. Build strategic Alliances with antonymous Retailers Zappos could build synergies with similar-size online retailers which offer complementary products in an effort to broaden its customer base and target audience.Threats Economic Downturn Customers will become more price-conscious in worryatical economic times, which will ultimately drive Zappos strategy in assure to remain competitive in such scenario. competitory Rivalry While Zappos is one of the trailblazer players specialized in shoe-retailing, the trend is for naturalized brick-and-mortar companies to start offering their products online, which may make additional competitive pressures. Possible credentials Breach for Online Retailer Zappos moldiness terminus possible security breaches to its servers.Problem story ground upon the previous synopsis, Zappos faces two major problems which may be detrimental to the companys long-term success. Our aim here is to synthesize them in order to forge a series of recommendations that the company could consume to solve the mentioned problems.Problem 1 tot up Chain ManagementThe first problem that the company faces within its organization is related to supply concatenation management. We have place three different sub-issues within this military issue in which Zappos has room for improvement Imports from jobbers as an interme diary between Zappos and the manufacturers Due to the highly uncertain supplicate in the sector, having a wholesaler between Zappos and the brands that manufactures the product is a strategic problem for the company. When Zappos places an order, it is relying on the entry that the wholesaler keeps in order to assemble its need of supply. Furthermore, Zappos may find it rugged to secure its supply as the company grows, having no control over wholesaler import decisions. This is especially critical in a sector with unstable demand faced with global economic doubt.Zappos must devise supply twine-related strategies which provide the company with more flexibility in ground of profit margins in order to handwriting with more price-conscious customers in the future. Delivery to Zappos distribution centers from suppliers The company faces a problem in relation to inefficiency of partially loaded trucks arriving to throw to Zappos stemma facilities. As the case highlights, epoch al numbers of partially loaded trucks (LTL) capture to unload products generating unnecessary traffic in the distribution center, subsequently slowing down the unloading lick. Theres a need for Zappos to address this issue, ultimately touching its whole operations efficiency. short letter Management At this point, the company uses manual(a) scanners to register incoming and outgoing stock from its distribution center. This may steer to schedule inaccuracies due to the high probability of humanity error to occur in the discussion of the incoming and outgoing merchandise. It is of the utmost wideness for Zappos to have accurate inventory information, not only in impairment of its supply chain management, but also in maintaining customer service levels because of the potential of having unfaithful information on the website such that a customer may order a product which is actually out of stock.Problem 2 Growing the businessthroughout the case it is been said that the compa ny plans to expand. It is possible to grow the business in a national scale as well as internationally. The following issues need to be addressed by Zappos when evaluating company refinement determining strategic locations for new facilities to store its inventory and discover a bully balance between supplier lapse times and address times to the utmost customer. In addition, the company faces the decision of whether to tarry having its distribution centralized in Kentucky. Moreover, Zappos needs to evaluate whether or not it is still feasible to use UPS ground shipping in the long-term. The company would also face a problem not only when essay to maintain its customer service levels and an efficient voice communication, but also when trying to get new employees to pct its incorporated culture.RecommendationsStart Importing Directly from international Manufacturers Zappos should begin developing direct relationships with contrary manufacturers, especially with Chinese su ppliers, starting by importing some products flat, instead of acquire from North American wholesalers. This strategy has the following benefits * Cost savings from purchasing the aforesaid(prenominal) products at lower prices, providing the company with more pricing flexibility at dealings with cost-conscious consumers in a difficult economy. * dissemination channel efficiency is increased by eliminating middlemen in the supply chain. In this sense, there is no need for products to be shipped from foreign suppliers to a wholesale distributor and from there to Zappos Zappos can receive the product direct at their distribution center, reducing clog costs across the value chain as well as lead times. * A closer relationship with manufacturers efficacy enable Zappos to obtain information regarding inventory levels, product availability, and order status and timing. It is deserving noting that even in cases where Zappos is still purchasing from a wholesaler (who in-turn imports from the manufacturer), the wholesaler can request the manufacturer to deliver directly to the Zappos distribution center, holding the lead time and cost benefits.Opt for Ground Shipping as Opposed to Next Day song Shipping Given the risk of weakness to worthy the next day delivery standards because of external factors, Zappos should only guarantee 5-day delivery. In this manner, the company will consistently overdeliver, with 99% of customers receiving their orders within 4 days. This strategy not only makes sense from a cost perspective, but it also goes hand-in-hand with Zappos culture of outstanding customer service. However, the option of next day air delivery should be make available to the customer for a agiotage rate. Sign a Contract with a Selected Trucking Company Specialized in Consolidation In order to pick at LTL shipments to its distribution centers and mitigate the economic inefficiencies that LTL implies, Zappos should sign a contract with a major transportatio n and logistics company specialized in consolidation in order to handle Zappos order pick-ups from some of its remaining topical anaesthetic suppliers, optimizing cargo capacity and delivering such products to the distribution center.This contract strategy would only be possible to implement in areas with high supplier concentration such as Southern California and Ontario. It is granted that such a strategy would require a long and difficult negotiation process between suppliers, the logistics company and Zappos however, economies of scale benefits could be obtained from the large volumes to be handled and the cost savings distributed across the industry value chain. inquisition for Additional Partners and Expand Powered by Zappos Powered by Zappos partners act as distributors of the products carried by Zappos. In this sense, finding new partners will generate additional revenues from both the fees of developing and running distributor websites and operations and from an expanded market base etymologizing from multiple websites offering Zappos products. Offer its own Zappos Private Label Zappos could expand the business by offering its own private nock private labels offer the improvement of not purchasing from a third-party wholesaler which in itself is making a profit from the merchandise, allowing for more flexibility in terms of pricing and profit margins.Overall, by commercializing its own brand, Zappos can offer its private label merchandise at lower prices than the industry standards, while maintaining its profit margin. This strategy would be frameive at dealing with price elastic customers in uncertain economic times. It must be noted that to achieve this, however, the company would need to develop immanent design capabilities and source its private label through selected manufactures which equip their needs. In order to achieve the lowest supplier prices, supplier relationships would need to be developed through established contracts which ma y include exclusivity scoffments. Based on the large volumes that Zappos handles through its established customer base, the strategy could also earn benefits from economies of scale and increased brand awareness.Do not Expand Internationally in the Short-Term The huge capital investment required and the risk of affecting customer service levels makes international expansion hateful in the short run. The companys financial base must be strengthened further before act such expansion, maintaining the focus on customer service that the company has been known for. Customer service is core to company values and culture and therefore cannot be compromised by any strategic decision. International expansion must be accompanied by the same training standards, staffing levels and passion for customer service at company call centers and order delivery must meet Zappos promise. This last factor could pose a special challenge, given that Zappos would be relying on couriers operating in differe nt countries which may introduce a factor of uncertainty beyond Zappos control as to what levels of delivery performance can be met. enthrone in an Automatic Scanning body for Inventory Control In an purlieu where such accurate inventory information is required, the incumbent manual scanning of goods first appearance and leaving the distribution center is inadequate. Errors in inventory control will inescapably have a negative effect on customer satisfaction in that the system may allow a customer to purchase a product that is in fact out of stock. A system which automatically scans incoming and exiting products (magnetic doorways or similar) guarantees inventory accuracy and goes hand-in hand with the core values of the company, making it a worthy and even necessary investment.Limitations* The capacity of the existing distribution center in Kentucky is chartless therefore we are assuming that the current infrastructure will be nice to sustain the operations of the company t o meet an increasing demand and market share in the short-term.* Suppliers which have their own put across might be reluctant to agree to let Zappos do order pick-ups and deliver their products however, our recommendation assumes that the suppliers are flexible in this sense.* A break-up of the companys operating(a) costs would be required in order to make better-informed strategy recommendations. The performed analysis is based on purely soft information. 1 . MGSC 602 strategical Management of operations Coursepack, Zappos.com Developing a supply chain to deliver WOW, Stanford down School of Business, object lesson GS-65, 02/13/09, rogue 276 2 . MGSC 602 Strategic Management of trading operations Coursepack, Zappos.com Developing a supply chain to deliver WOW, Stanford grad School of Business, aspect GS-65, 02/13/09, varlet 296 3 . MGSC 602 Strategic Management of operations Coursepack, Zappos.com Developing a supply chain to deliver WOW, Stanford Graduate School of Busin ess, national GS-65, 02/13/09, page 273 4 . MGSC 602 Strategic Management of Operations Coursepack, Zappos.com Developing a supply chain to deliver WOW, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Case GS-65, 02/13/09, page 280 5 . MGSC 602 Strategic Management of Operations Coursepack, Zappos.com Developing a supply chain to deliver WOW, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Case GS-65, 02/13/09, page 276

The Godfather and the Meaning of Family

The Godfather A family is a basic social unit consisting of p arnts and their children, and is considered a group, whether they reside together or non the traditional family, which usu on the wholey consists of family look ons and beliefs. In Ameri rump literature family serves as a base in our society which pot be shaped and molded into many a(prenominal) different forms. Mario Puzos The Godfather demonstrates family as a successful p arentage, with strict and traditional Italian roots. The story is focuses on the Corleone family, a in truth close knit traditional Italian-American family, who all live on the same impasse de sac and are neighbors to each early(a).Their business is based on the familys maffia operations. They live their lives in the midst of law-breaking. near takes the law into their own hands, by avenging a crime to protect the weak temporary hookup others use it to rise into a assign of wealth and power. The executive or spot of the Corleone family is t he decision maker or shooting caller he is like the robin redbreast Hood of the Sicilians people. To all those who hold up prove their loyalties to him are entitled to help from their Godfather. He is willing to help anyone who calls them his friend because he intends that Friendship is everything.Friendship is more than talent. It is more than the government. It is about the equal of family (Puzo 38). The executive or mental capacity of the Corleone family is sire Vito and after his death, Michael his youngest son, who subsequently takes the role. In a sense, both in the saucy and film begin and ends with the Godfather and some whitethorn call him the move into. Through they both founder very different experiences, they are believed to be infinitely more intelligent and less(prenominal) obviously corrupt than any of the other fonts developed in the story (Williams 77).Both are willing to accommodate their competitors, take a step back, and not get confused unless ne cessary, for they believe to never hate your enemies because it affects your nous and to keep their friends close and their enemies closer However, they are considered to be the intimately powerful organised crime family in the United States. commodious men are not born(p) massive, they wrick great, and so it was with Vito Corleone. Vito Corleone make the last-place step from a quite ordinary, close to ruthless businessman to a great Don in the world of condemn fit enterprise.It did not happen in a day, it did not happen in a year, but by the end of the restraint period and the start of the Great Depression, Vito Corleone had acquire the Godfather, the Don, Don Corleone (Puzo 213). A family of organized crime that is some quantifys portrayed as so caring and helpful, that we dont forever think of them as bad guys per say. They have respect and are behaved in a way that is very elegant. But of line of reasoning there are times when they mustiness take action upon the mselves flush if it is over against the law.It is a known that the main focus of a stereotypical Mafia family is centered around the use of violence. For instance, in both the invention and film, Connie Corleone the female child of the Don Vito gets married to an opprobrious and gets beaten down while pregnant, which later becomes one of the reasons for his death. Aside from that we also hold many deaths cause by the requital and business. Another example is the opening of the movie, when Bonasera states I believe in America. America has made my fortune. And I raised my daughter in the American fashion.I gave her freedom, but &8212 I taught her never to dishonor her family as he tells Don Vito, his grief about what had happen to his daughter (The Godfather). The family is cruel provided respectable, violent yet sophisticated and heartless, but not without rules. We as a viewer or a reader can overlook the devilish and come to sympathize with the Corleone family. The Godfath er permits an audience to get the mafia lifestyle and the sins theyve commit. We overlook what is sibylline to be right and sympathize with the lifestyle of these mobsters.We side with Corleones crime because of such(prenominal) quotes like A man who doesnt spend time with his family can never be a real man, when Don Vito Corleone says this, we as the audience find ourselves impulse a character they might not otherwise like. In America we campaign to sympathize with people who are sympathetic and are family oriented. Those who make their family priority consider one, who shows and express true respect and defines a man by the amount of time he spends with those he loves. The Godfather narrative was able to supply the idea of a arduous and benevolent father to take guardianship of both family and an unimpeded business life, as stated in the MELUS Article, The Godfather and American enculturation How the Corleones Became Our Gang by Mary Ann Mannino. This truthful image of a genuine family value allows for anyone to relate and understand the character even though at times the character may be immoral. Towards the end, Michael states if I can die saying, Life is so beautiful, and so nothing else is important.If I can believe in myself that much, nothing else matters. He would descend his father. He would care for his children, his family, his world. But his children would grow in a different world. They would be doctors, artists, scientists. Governors. Presidents. Anything at all. He would see to it that they linked the general family of humanity, but he, as a powerful and prudent parent would most certainly keep a awake eye on that general family when family again is reconfirmed (Puzo 411). Works Cited Mannino, Mary Ann. The Godfather and American assimilation How the Corleones Became Our Gang. . MELUS 28. 3 (2003) 218-232. books Resource Center. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. Puzo, Mario. The Godfather. Greenwich Fawecett, 1969. Print. Simon, William. An alysis of the Structure of The Godfather, Part One. Studies in the Literary Imagination 16. 1 (1983) 75-90. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism Select. Detroit Gale, 2008. Literature Resource Center. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. The Godfather. Dir. Francis Ford Coppola. Perf. Marlon Brando and Al Pacino. Paramount Pictures. 1972. DVD.

'Always Running Chapter Essay\r'

'Summary:\r\nLuis describes his life as part of the gang, saying that he and his friends ar in a vacant bay window they had claimed as their own, furnished with old sofas and cover by plastic to keep homophilegle at least some of the fall(a) when an old car comes by. Two of the crowd go to the street to get a disclose look and one, Clavo, is shot in the face. Clavo loses an eye in the shooting. Luis and Rano do umteen jobs, ranging from cleaning houses, lawns, pools and garages to paper routes. They give all the money to their return and Luis notes that there is forever and a day a need to for more. As a teenager and after Clavo leaves the neighborhood, Luis becomes friends with a new-fangled man named Claudio Ponce, known as Yuk Yuk because of his distinctive laugh. It’s Yuk Yuk who introduces Luis to stealing. With Yuk Yuk leading, meet a man named Jandro Mares, who has the teens steal specific cars on order, select them back to Jandro’s garage and pillo wcase them down.\r\nThey also steal bikes, jewelry, electronics and other items for a man named Shed Cowager who pays cash for well-nigh anything they can steal. They soon graduate to residential burglary and robbing convenience stores. There is race strike at the beginning of every take year. During one incident, the police arrive to delay up a fight, the whites leave without a problem and the Mexicans arrested or expelled. Luis’s mother is finally fed up with pull him out of jail and watching him in trouble, and kicks him out of the house. Luis suffers a hernia and has to scram surgery. Luis describes, in great detail, the effects of a high from â€Å"sniffing” intoxicants including various sprays and gas. Luis begins dating Wilo’s younger sister, Payasa. Soon after he breaks up with her, she is admitted to a rehabilitation boil down for additions. Later, Wilo and Payasa leave the Barrior for what they hope is a better life.\r\n'

'Sabrina Charatain Essay\r'

'Supreme tribunal meets for the early succession at the Merchants Exchange Building in New York City on February 2. The butterfly, make up of one chief jurist and five associate Justices, hears its first field in 1792. The nations first census shows that the tribe has climbed to nearly 4 million. In 1791, first ten amendments to the Constitution, known as the menu of Rights, are ratified on celestial latitude 15. In 1793, Washingtons second Inauguration Is held in Philadelphia on March 4. Ell Whitney Invention of the cotton glen greatly Increases the demand for knuckle down labor.In 1797, gutter Adams Is Inaugurated as the second president In Philadelphia on March 4. In 1800, the U. S. bang-up Is moved from Philadelphia to Washington, D. C. On June 15. U. S. sexual relation meets in Washington, DC, for the first time on November 17. Gabriel wave, an en hard workerd Afri nominate American blacksmith, organizes a slave insubordination int result to march on Richmond, Virg inia. The conspiracy is uncovered, and Prosper and a number of the rebels are hanged. Virginians slave laws are consequently tightened.In 1801, Thomas Jefferson is inaugurated as the third president in Washington, DC on March 4. In 1803, mammary v. capital of Wisconsin: Landmark Supreme Court decision greatly expands the power of the court by establishing its eight to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional on February 24. United States agrees to allowance France $15 million for the Louisiana Purchase, which extends westside from the Millponds River to the Rocky Mountains and comprises about 830,000 square miles. However, the accordance was signed May 2. As a result, the U. S. Nearly doubles In size.In 1804, Lewis and Clark set up out from SST. Louis, Missouri on an outing to explore the West and find a route to the Pacific Ocean on May 14. Jefferson had his second inauguration on March 4. In 1 805, Lewis and Clark relate the Pacific Ocean on November 15. In 1809, James Madi son is Inaugurated as the ordinal president on March 4. The state of war of 1812 Is when U. S. Declares war on Britain over British interference with American maritime move and westward expansion on June 18, 1812. Madison later has his second Inauguration on March 4, 1813.British capture Washington, DC, and set fire to White House and Capitol in wonderful 1814. Francis Scott Baltimore. Treaty of Ghent is signed, officially ending the war in December 24, 1814. In 1820, Missouri Compromise was an effort to go for the balance between dispense with and slave states, Maine (formerly part of Massachusetts) is admitted as a free state o that Missouri can be admitted as a slave state; except for Missouri, slavery is forbid in the Louisiana Purchase lands northwest of latitude 36030′ on March 3.\r\n'

'Cultural Influences on Rite of Passage B\r'

'ethnical Influences on Rite of Pass shape up Beliefs and Rituals Cultures passim the world honor the passing from puerility into adulthood with special celebrations and rituals that coincide with ghostlike or social traditions. World well-behavedizations comport judicature to this rite of passage differently, ranging from spanking and lighthearted galas to the barbaric rituals frequently associated with away African tribes. in that location atomic number 18 in any case some other sects of the population where their youth come in a transitional phase that lasts from months or years, such as the Amish and the Aborigines.Their youth employ handst this era as a distributor point of learning to think and act as adults and for decision qualification about their future. Amish or plain people as they ar alike cognise migrated from Europe in search of religious freedom. They were originally break off of the Mennonite religion and follow many of the equal practices today. They are governed by the unwritten rules known as the Ordnung. They stretch out by principles of simplicity, do away with arrogance, embrace humility and socialize only if within their community and avoid other parts of society as such(prenominal) as possible.Amish children only attend naturalize until they complete 8th grade and high education is discouraged or forbidden. At the age of six stripling, Amish teens are given the plectron of participating in Rumspringa, a German term that translates into run around in English. During this time Amish adolescents are free to seek support among new(a) American society. It is believed that at this age that they have reached a due date level where they can act responsibly as well as having the skills for making rational informed decisions.This time of censure is for the youths to decide if they want to remain in modern society or recollect to the Amish community where they are baptized as adults and are expected to follow the church service for the rest of their buy the farms without question. Wargny 2 Rumspringa is also a catalyst for Amish teens to socialize and meet likely marriage partners. They congregate with other unripened men and women of Amish faith, experiment with alcohol, drugs, premarital sex, automobiles, kiosk phones, and video games. (Welcome to Lancaster County)Studies of rumspringa have concluded that virtually 85% of teens willingly return to Amish life and forfeit all conveniences of applied science and English ways of life. The small plowshare of those choosing to remain in modern society, do so with the understanding that they are shunned by all Amish people including their immediate family. There is no further contact or connection to their past and must live the rest of their lives as though they were strangers or non-existent to everyone they ever knew.The Australian Aborigine tribes are believed to have migrated from Asia more than than 20,000 years agone and are native to the barren outback(prenominal) land of Australia. In ancient immemorial culture, the rite of passage into mankind started at age 12 with a serial publication of ceremonies and rituals held over a course of a few years. The Alkira Kiumi as it is called, started at age 12, and involved the son being repeatedly tossed into the air and caught by their male relatives of the tribe. following was the circumcision procedure, which took place by a flack catcher ring.The chief of the tribe sat on the boy’s chest and curl the foreskin of the penis off with a sharp stone or knife. The boy was given a boomerang to number on for the pain. After the circumcision, the boy was make to kneel close to the fire so that the smoke would rise up and spue the wound and then the elders of the tribe feed the puppyish man his severed foreskin to symbolize the devouring of boyhood. Wargny 3 Months aft(prenominal) the initial circumcision, a fireside chock incision notice was held. A stu pefy was inserted into the urethra to brace the knife as it thin from the urethra to the scrotum.The boy then rose and allowed his origin to drip into the flames of the fire. The second circumcision made it requirement for the boy to thereafter assume a squatting position in severalise to urinate. Anthropologists theorize that this ritual was performed so that infantile males would better understand and sympathize with a females’ menstrual cycle. After the circumcisions came a ceremony in which a chisel was employ to knock out the front tooth of the young man as it was believed it made him more physically attractive. The next step toward human beings was to serve as a sample of his courage by having him walk unshoed across a bed of fire.The closing phase of the rite of passage into manhood was known as a walkabout and is also noted as a time for dreaming hence the name Dreamtime. â€Å" fit in to Aboriginal belief, all life as it is today is part of one big uncha nging network of relationships which can be traced to the Great Ancestors of the Dreamtime” (Rose Marina) It involved young men leaving the safety of their childhood homes to blow about in the barren relinquish to live on their own for a period of up to 6 months. During the walkabout; the teen boys were only permitted to rely only on nature and the spiritual guidance of their ancestors for their survival.As they roamed by the uncivilized land it was believed that if they followed the guidance of the liven up they would return to their tribes safely and would from then on be considered men. And if they succumbed to the deserts elements, then it was believed that they failed the trial run of manhood and died shamefully as a boy. Wargny 4 Due to contact with the modern world, the ancient rituals of the aborigine tribes have disappeared or have been replaced by more civil ceremonies that merely symbolize the original rite of passage practices for becoming a man.As administra tion for becoming an adult, Rumspringa and Alkira Kiumi differ vastly. Rumspringa offers the opportunity to live carefree and seductively in what the Amish mean to as The â€Å"devil’s resort area” without reprisal upon their return. Alkira Kiumi was a painful and grueling survive that served to prove a boy’s loyalty and faith in his heritage. patronage the overwhelming differences in these rites of passage, the completion of both of these ritualistic practices indicates a true committedness to their respective religions and as paying homage to their ancestry.\r\n'

'Operations Management at Rolls Royce\r'

'Automobile arena is one of the most competitive and technological driven sector of the world, taking an favour edge on Innovation and engineering science the automobile companies such as Ford, Honda, BMW and so forth have successfully implemented these changes into its point of intersection as well process and introduced separate product in the market. To remain competitive, it is significant for the organization to charge on its trading operations and bring home the bacon management with which they are able to achieve competitive advantage everyplace the other ships partnership.\r\nThe CEO of Rolls Royce has strongly centre on enhancing the operations management in 2006 so as advance on its production. Facilities: In 2006, the phoner commenced its operations at Derby, Huckn alone, Barnoldswick and Bristol. These facilities are equipped with the modern on the job(p) facilities along with the old repair and serving workforce in Montreal. With this the operations and the productivity of the company go away improve which will cooperate the company is producing more efficacious cars in 2007. Inventory: The catalogue of the company was step-up in 2006 because of the growth and consume of the products.\r\nThe company needed raw cloth to build the end product . The inventory is likewise expect to increase progress in 2007 which will help in improve on the productivity of the company. For this it is chief(prenominal) for the company to manage its working uppercase adequately. Information: The company enhanced on technology as well as learning in 2006. The company apply its process excellence programme so as to continue to improve on its quality and production. With this the company was able to improve on its quality by 20% in 2006 as compared with 2005.\r\nRead also Exam Operations Management\r\nWith this the company will be able to however enhance quality and productivity of the company. The company also implemented and standardise d ERP form to its unit in Europe, this is going to widen to the other units as well in 2007 which will help in improving the operations of the company. The company will be implementing its remaining IT ERP across its facilities which will help in enhancing its global supply chain of mountains management. Sourcing: With a strong focus on building supply chain management, the company is able to improve on its sourcing and having grim woo production.\r\nWith the enhancement in the supply chain the company will be able to further improve on its supply chain, operations and cost. Pricing: level with the increase in the prices of the fuel and nearly metals, the company has aligned its operations and activities with such a way that it has been able to focus on reducing the overall cost of overhead as well as value activities. The company also increased the number of employees so as to increase the productivity of the company. Even despite of all these measure, the per unit cost of th e product is expected to increase in 2007 which might pertain the sales of the company.\r\n'

'Mapping Channel Flows in the Music CD industry\r'

'In the medicament CD effort, the choice of the efficient trade policy is iodin of the crucial factors in the success of the particular brand. CD’s be maven of rugged-involvement reapings which flock be bought by the customers out of the large option. In recount to be successful, both particular producer in the medicine industry has to define the merchandise meld of the product which overwhelms product, toll, promotion, and place. While the runner 3 comp unrivallednts of merchandiseing mix argon in truth(prenominal) all- valuable(prenominal), the last unmatch satisfactory which is place seems to â€Å"catch all” of the 4 P’s.Place is a in truth tangled comp nonp beilnt of selling mix because it includes such(prenominal)(prenominal) important beas of commercializeing as decisions astir(predicate) convey, logistics, retailing, customer support and more variant issues. The right choice of dissemination policy and grooves are very im portant for the success of the producer, and those aspects cannot be neglected.The easiest way for the producer to deal the products to the final customers is by direct selling. The dialog between the supplier and the purchaser is the easiest way in which the product can be purchased. However, al to the risqueest degree industries do not commence such a luxury. It turns inefficient for the producer to sell items at once to the customer, and he gives those functions to all typesetters c adenineaigns of intermediaries. In most cases, complex industries contract a whole chain of intermediaries which consume the product to the end-user. This system of distri exactlyion represents a large- judginged of a channel finished which from the producer to the initiatory intermediary and from the first off intermediary to all others virtuoso by one product, holdments, and study flow are channeled.Whenever the chain is very long, it’s obvious that every(prenominal) member i n the chain, as well as the end-user has his specific call for, which all have to be interpreted into account by the producer. It’s very important to make sure that the information flow through the channel does not break. The more intermediaries at that place are between the producer and the end-user, the more complicated the relationships interior the channel become, and more attention has to be nonrecreational by the producer so that the timber of the product remains high as in the very beginning of the chain. CD’s industry deals with rights on a particular part of property, therefore it’s very important to honour the chain of fitting distributors which provide the highest quality of the medical specialty memorialise companies products.The most widely-used forms of â€Å"channels” of distributions used by the companies include the pursual:v Selling direct (with the help of salesforce);v Mail fix (including telephone sales);v retailer;v Wholes aler;v Agent (who acts on the behalf of the producer) (Mercer, 467)In swan to maintain the quality of the production, it’s undeniable for the producer to keep most(prenominal)(prenominal) agree over the members of the distribution channel. Most unison record companies pay close attention to that. Once the control is whole lost, it qualification be hard for the producer to monitor lizard the sales and the quality. The most efficient structure is when the producer structures the distribution channel by himself. Depending on what market the producer is in, this issue touches him in a different way. For example, when the producer produces mass consumer right(a)s and there are more competitors in the market offering the same type of product, it’s not that important for the producer to control all the distributors who offer his product.The producer’s final stage is to increase the number of distributors offering his product because he wants to have a lar ge share of the market. In the opposite case, when the goods produced by the company have just about unique give births and the company competes with competitors mostly in quality, it has to guide responsibility over the quality of the products which it offers and may gestate losses if the quality of the products end-users receive is low. Therefore, the producer leave behind very much care in such a case about the quality of the goods which are offered to the end-users, and do his best to determine only very reliable distributors of his production in order to have a strong stress on quality. The mentioned approaches which can be used by the producer in the distribution policy therefore include:1.      intensifier distribution;2.      Selective distribution;3.      goop distribution.In the case of the intensive distribution, the main emphasize is made on the number of distributors selling the company’s product. The damage c ompetition is evident in such a case and quality of all the similar goods offered in the market is pretty much the same.Selective distribution operator that the producer selects suitable distributors to re-sell the product. Those distributors who have a good reputation get a chance to sell the company’s products. The selection can be quite wide, and the producer in such a case in not very bear on about the top quality of the products which he is offering. Exclusive distribution is common in such field where companies offer products with unique characteristics and the main point of the marketing policy of the company is offering goods of the highest quality. Every bitty detail of the product is important in such a case.Therefore, companies choose a very expressage selection of distributors who pass on be re-selling their product in order to maintain the highest quality. The main partners of the company in the distribution channels include such establishments as specialty o utlets, supermarkets, department stores, and discount outlets. Specialty outlets have a narrow product line (Mercer, 473). For example, in fashion industry specialty outlets aim at women of a specific age group with a specific taste. such distributors offer a smashinger degree of personal service and usually the selection of products for the targeted group of customers is very large.Supermarkets can be characterized by the following principles: self-service and self-selection displays; centralization of customer operate; large scale; a strong price emphasize; a broad assortment of merchandise. The most famous supermarkets include Sainsbury, Tesco, Wal-Mart, and others. Department stores cover a large variety of products in different departments of the stores and offers great competition for supermarkets. Examples of department stores include Boots, Marks & Spencer, British Home Stores. Discount outlets delimit in a â€Å"high turnover at low greet”. They usually spec ialize in products of one field and get a 30-day credit from their suppliers. For example, they include Dixons in consumer electronics/electrical; MFI in furniture.A major feature of the distribution channel is that there is a â€Å" time look on-add’ of every aim of channel. Just as the product and information are channeled from one take aim of the channel to another, the value is also added at every level abuse by step. For example, in the euphony industry, the value is first added by the manufacturer who makes the music label, then the CD’s are passed to distributors, sometimes on a couple of levels until they reach the customer. At every level, the value is added because more companies participate in the process.The manufacturer is the one who owns the music label and therefore is the main pseudo in the game. He adds the most value to the product, which consists of the cost of production and the profit. However, without the distributors the CD would not be a ble to get the end-users, so at every level of the channel new value is added to the primary product. The first level of distributors can be wholesalers, the second level can consist of retailers. Therefore, value is added at 3 levels until it reaches the end-user.In the music industry, the efficiency of channel members is very high. Companies producing CD’s pay close attention to the distributors who specialize in selling CD’s and for the most part, those channels fall into the category of selective distribution. The channel distribution in the music industry is very complex due to the characteristic features of the industry. Nowadays, there are many companies which produce CD’s (give the music label) and there are many customers in the market who are willing to buy those CD’s.  For example, Sony Records, Inc. is one of the leaders in the music industry production.However, it faces some competition in the market. Customers can give sense of taste to CD’s produced by other companies as well. Therefore, every music record company lacks to make sure there are many distributors who are brining CD’s to the end-users and also maintain high quality of the product. The distributors in the music industry include music stores which deal with CD’s in particular, supermarkets where one can also reveal this product, and lucre distributors which specialize in music CD’s. The chain of distributors is quite large in the music industry. It’s very important for music record companies to provide the highest quality of their musical CD’s.One of the reasons of the need in high quality is that nowadays music record companies face sharp competition from the Internet. It has become very simple for plenty who are hearty of music to download music institutionalises from the Internet, and they no thirster need to go into the music stores in order to get the CD’s. The files which people can download from different sites are free of charge, and no currency goes to the singers from those operations. One of the ways to fight with that competition for music record companies is by offering the highest quality of their products. If a person can buy a CD of the highest quality in the music store, he might stick to it and not use Internet for get his favorite music albums.Another way is to include Internet distributors of music products which can compete with free music upload by offering additional services. Such distributors as Amazon.com for example can guarantee high volumes of CD’s sales due to its niggardliness to the customer. It’s common truth that many people who use Internet are interested in music. As long as they can order their favorite CD’s on Amazon.com, they will keep their hands off the free file upload. However, in such a case the emphasize on the quality is important as never: the customers will order CD’s from Amazon.com as long as the quality of CD’s is beyond competition. In addition to that, it’s important to make sure Internet users get some additional benefits together with CD’s, for example, suggestions about their futurity possible purchases, discounts, or free information about their favorite singers.The efficiency of the CD’s and defrayment in the music industry through the distribution channel is very efficient but there can be some developments made in it. The most important is to keep in mind the importance of Internet in the distribution of CD’s. It’s also possible to devote some attention to such types of direct marketing as teleselling, direct mail, and direct selling. By mailing catalogues to capableness customers, large volumes of sales can be achieved. For utmost efficiency of distribution in music industry, it’s necessary for music record companies to devote gobs of attention to maintaining a large chain of distributors but at the same time m onitor the quality of the products which are being offered to end-users.Bibliography.David Mercer. Marketing. Blackwell problem. 1992. J. Barry Manson, Moris L. Mayer, Hazel F Ezell. Foundations of Retailing. Business Publications, Inc., 1984. Kevin J. Clancy, Robert S. Shulman. The Marketing Revolution. HarperBusiness, 1991. Kotler. Marketing Management. 1986. R.M. Johnson. Market segmentation: a strategic marketing tool. Journal of Marketing research, vol. 7, 1981.\r\n'

'Example Solution Manual Essay\r'

'PESTEL epitome is a effectual starting point for environmental digest, encouraging scholarly persons to carry gigantic. Exhibit 2.2 provides an initial PESTEL abstract of the airline diligence, intimately-favoured students the universal idea. The fore nigh straits trains for additional elements in the analysis. For cause, d avouchstairs governmental, you powerfulness add subsidies for local airports; under(a) economical, you might add the initiate of Asian economies; and under Legal, you could add the dilute towards airline privatisation. A central risk to highlighting is of huge lists of forces or bend come go forths that atomic mo 18 too unwieldy for serviceable action. So the atomic itemize 42 question challenges students to appraise which of the forces be believably to be of most signifi brookce in effort diligence change. Here students should justify their facets in m wiztary value of the state from the foreg maven and the believab ly impact in the rising of whatever fractionicular modulate. The end-chapter result example on the European brewing fabrication similarly asks students to do a PESTEL analysis. congresswoman 2.2\r\nScenarios\r\nScenarios melt downing students think hanker term and squ arly broadly: hither the being Economic Forum and its members atomic number 18 ex air pressureion at a decade ahead, and thinking virtually geo-political economy in general as easy as just the commercialize in a narrow sense. The question asks to the highest degree whether companies fill much influence over presidency policy or geo-economics. It then goes on to ask about how companies might influence government. This overly plainly touches on issues of corporate social responsibility, pursued in Chapter 4. Companies probable do gull much influence on policy coordination, and the issue is which governments they should be talking to (the United States, China?) and whether it is solita ry(prenominal) governments that egress (United Nations, International M onenesstary Fund, World Trade shaping?).\r\nThey should also view how they fuck best influence governments, individually or collectively by, for example, the World Economic Forum or the Business Roundtable, the separate of CEOs of hint Ameri crowd out corporations. To near extremity, the power is likely to be exercised negatively: through lobbying against and criticism of proposals for financial re-regulation. It is worthwhile also communicate about the influence these corporations tail assembly have themselves on geo-economic shifts: some Western order headquarters ar shifting a air from their family line-countries, for example, the international headquarters of American civil engineering incr easement Halliburton moved to Dubai and Swiss/Swedish engineering company ABB moved its global robotics business headquarters to Shanghai. illustration 2.3\r\nThe Steel patience\r\nThe steel diligence provides a fairly easy-to-understand bailiwick of rapid structural change, and one led by constancy actors. Understanding how the take companies argon making an impact functions to counter a risk of ‘determinism’ in Porterian analyses; in former(a) words, a sense that anatomical structures are given rather than changeable. The number one question situationly invites a comparative analysis using the radio detection and ranging-plot introduced in Exhibit 2.5. The radar-plot might look roughly like the following, with the continuous lines indicating rough positions in around 2000 (10 years earlier than the illustration) and the dotted lines indicating positions in 2010.\r\nThe comparative positions highlight the increasing power of suppliers such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as the iron ore producers (negative); the high power of ripe emptors, somewhat mitigated by the declining power of the wide Three (mildly positive perhaps); and the be ginning of decreased contest (positive) as the larger steel companies such as Mittal try to consolidate the pains. It might be verbalize that the upstart entry threat has stabilised and as yet reduced, though continued enthronement by Chinese players lividthorn change magnitude rivalry especially if they invert to overseas commercialises. Overall, comparing the size of the ii radar plots over quantify suggests solitary(prenominal) a bare(a) change in favour of the steel producers. With compliments to the second question, the acquisition strategies bet driven by the desire to reduce rivalry by reduce the number of players and dismantle capacity.\r\nYou might ask students what is required to make this relieve oneself: here you might highlight the importance for reduced rivalry of deuce cooccurring cuts in capacity investments by, for example, the Chinese and strong barriers to new entry. With regard to the third question, success in face lift barriers to entry (e.g. through technological change) and in bring down rivalry (through continued consolidation) would make the industry more attractive. Vertical integration strategies into sources of supply (e.g. iron ore) would help too. A authorization negative is remarkable come about with substitute materials. This depends on technological progress, hence providing a useful link amongst the Porter 5 Forces and PESTEL. Illustration 2.4\r\nChugging in the Charity Sector\r\nThe carry of this Illustration of course is to show that industry structure analysis is relevant to non-for-profits as well. Indeed, charities appear ruthlessly competitory †hence the High Street chuggings. The first question points to at least three of the Porterian forces as causing problems: (i) There are low barriers to entry, with ‘ ceaseless refreshment’ of the industry by new charities; (ii) on that point is strong buying power on the part of local authorities commissioning gos; (iii) on t hat point is intense rivalry because of the number of competitors and tendency towards cooccur and duplication of charitable services. In addition, they face substitutes in the form of local authorities and other agencies do services in-house, but at this point the trend in that respect was in their favour. The suppliers of funds †donors †have galore(postnominal) alternative charities to give to. The mergers and increasing tautness levels (the largest are growing fastest) imply growing industry consolidation. At the moment, the industry structure might be described as highly free-enterp work up(a), but at that place whitethorn be widespread profits to it pitiful towards a more oligopolistic situation. Illustration 2.5\r\nCycles of Competition\r\nThe ‘wisdom’ in carcass theory has been that competitiveness is about make up a retentive-term competitive advantage and then defending it against competitors. The idea of cycles of rivalry takes a more dynamic view as to how emulation in an industry pull up stakes ply its way out over age. It also highlights the potentially cataclysmal nature of competition (at least from the point of view of industry players) and the value of seek to quash it. Indeed, a underlying point is that these competitive cycles are not inevitable. Signaling to competitors, and interpreting the signals of others’ competitive moves, can help avoid head-on competition. Retaliation (Section 2.3 under barriers to entry) is a samara principle here, as are the grassroots principle of game theory (Chapter 3).\r\nWith regard to question 1, Francotop might have slowed down or rebuffed entirely Deutschespitze’s invasion of the French market by retaliating intemperately against its initial move: even though the juvenility street corner was not so measurable to Francotop, a determined response thither would have signalled the likelihood that attacking the core French market would be so f iercely opposed that it might not be worth Deutschespitze’s while even to try. With regard to question 2, Francotop would have been hard-pressed to avoid escalating competition in the business market. However, one opening might have been for Francotop to snap on a particular drop niche (say the keen firms segment). By signaling understandably through advertising or similar that this niche was the extent of their ambitions, Francotop might have encouraged Deutschespitze to concentrate on its best opportunities, release the French get on with their specialism in peace. Illustration 2.6\r\n line Debate: How Much Does application Matter?\r\nThis debate addresses an enduring source of competition in dodge research, and allows students to review the importance of the confine of Chapter 2 ( peculiarly the ‘ quintette forces’), at the selfsame(prenominal) cartridge holder as introducing the more internally decocted issues of Chapter 3 that follows. For Porter, industry disciplines a lot. The sceptic might beg ‘he would say that, wouldn’t he’? subsequently all, this is exactly what his training in industrial economics and the standard products of his consulting firm would favour. However, the most-valuable thing here is to recognise the extent of the research he (and collaborators such as Anita McGahan) puff out upon to make their case. It is worth pointing out to students that strategy theories are more than ‘just theories’: on that point is solid empirical research involved too. When confluence a new theory, students should get used to asking: where is the research evidence? What the research seems to suggest is that an industry is not the be-all and end-all, but that choosing an attractive industry is a very good starting point in strategy: industry accounts for about two-fifth parts of the explained variance in the Porter and McGahan study (leaving aside control variables etc.).\r\n crook to the precise question, the kinds of industries that influence members’ profitabilities more than others seem slackly to be service industries (explaining the greater industry personal effects in the Porter and McGahan study than in Rumelt’s). hardly to go on from here, industry influences are most likely to be strongest in highly competitive and mature industries. In such industries, sources of firm-specific contraryiation are likely to be a few(prenominal), easily imitated and easily postulated away, so making it hard to earn above-normal profits. At the same time, standard recipes for competing would have been established, so only the ungainly would perform substantially below the norm (and competition should have eliminated most such incompetents by the industry maturity stage). These conditions would probably prevail in service industries such as hotels, restaurants and retail. upstarter industries are likely to rear more scope for innovation and differentiation , and have fewer commodity competitors and suppliers, so allowing persistent variability in profitability. Video Questions\r\nHiscox\r\nHiscox is a specialist insurer in the Lloyds of London redress market. The company specialises in niche areas such as property and casualty insurance for high net worth individuals and companies, as well as cover against such risks as hacking, catch and satellite damage. The video case is quite complicated, so best viewed after a thorough work ating through of the chapter material. 1.The industry is facing more buyer power, with the cash advance of online price comparison sites. On the other hand, there is a process of consolidation with the rise of ‘consolidators’ (companies such as Resolution), who are acquiring weaker companies in order to descriptor position.\r\nThis is likely in the long term to reduce rivalry. Major failures such as that of the American giant AIG (American Investment Group) are likely to reduce rivalry too. It is gather that general recessive pressures are also influencing the market at the time of the video, reducing demand and likely to make it more price-sensitive. 2.Hiscox has a specialist position, aside from companies like AIG or the general insurers that Resolution is trying to buy, and its power in its niche is reinforced by its brand (well cognise in the United domain). It also has the advantage of having both an underwriting (issue of insurance policies) and investment business, which mean that Hiscox is protected from short-term cycles or crises in one part of the business, probably helping to buffer it from price competition in the short term too. Assignment 2.1\r\nPESTEL Analysis\r\nPESTEL analysis is a useful starting point for environmental analysis. Illustration 2.1 provides a model. A ‘blank’ of the elemental template of illustration 2.1 can be provided to students who can then be asked to complete it for the forces at work in a particular industry. The danger is that long lists of forces or influences can be generated by this device. So the second question challenges students to assess which of the forces are likely to be of most significance in driving industry change. Here students should justify their views in terms of the evidence from the past and the likely impact in the future of any particular influence. See the pr to each oneing of the PESTEL for the end-chapter case on the European brewing industry for an example. Assignment 2.2\r\nBuilding Scenarios\r\nAssignment 2.2 requires students to focus on change in industry characteristics and competitive forces through the construction of scenarios. Guidelines for the construction of scenarios are given in Section 2.2.2 it is recommended that students follow these, building either two or four scenarios for a given industry. The work done in Assignment 2.1 should provide the bases of identifying the key industry forces or influences which provide enable them to do this. S ome of the problems of scenario building should be emphasised to students: Students may try to build in too many factors and, therefore, not be able to limit the number of scenarios. They may stimulate difficulty in generating scenarios with a coherent and compatible set of factors. Some may be wary of having to exercise judgement; and others testament confuse judgement with hunch. Try to encourage a realistic debate that tests out assumptions and projections against known facts and trends. A particularly useful exercise is to ask students to build scenarios for an industry for which there is a company case (or for their own industry/company if possible) and then to assess the company’s strategical position in the light of the different scenarios (e.g. see the notes above on the brewing industry).\r\nOne of the issues that might surface is the ease or difficulty with which scenarios can be constructed. It commonly emerges that scenarios are much easier to construct where the number of key forces at work in an industry is comparatively few. They are less easy to construct if the number of important forces is high because the number of variables the student is trying to handle becomes too great. This, in turn, raises another issue. Scenarios are of particular use in uncertain environments as a means of helping managers to think through possible futures. However, uncertainty may arise for a number of reasons. If uncertainty arises because of the unpredictability of a few forces, then arguably scenarios may be very helpful, but what if uncertainty arises primarily because there are a large number of forces at work: to what extent are scenarios of use in such circumstances? There are a trammel number of very important forces at work in the brewing industry: but what of fast-moving advanced industries where there are many different forces at work? Assignment 2.3\r\n fin Competitive Forces\r\nFive forces analysis is an absolutely fundamental technique in strategy. Section 2.3 should give students the ability to carry out a basic five forces analysis of any industry. They should be encouraged to consider all of the elements of each of the five forces: so for example, under barriers to entry, scale and reckon effects, channels, retaliation and so on. The radar-plot technique of Exhibit 2.5 should only be used as a abstract once the full analysis is complete; the danger is of it being used to short-circuit the analysis. Students should be judge to do more than simply list elements; they should clearly identify the implications (positive or negative) of each. The second question about conclusions for industry drawing card should underline the importance of plan out implications, rather than just listing. Assignment 2.4\r\nComparisons between Industries and Over Time\r\nThis appointee allows students to build on Assignment 2.3 in order to consider the investment implications of differences between industries and change over time. The grant is a substantial one if relying on students’ own research. However, time can be saved if two case studies are used (e.g. brewing, pharmaceuticals or hi-fi, perhaps looking backwards at change over the past three to five years, rather than change in the future). Similarly, students may save time by using the radar-plot technique (Exhibit 2.5), as in the discussion of Illustration 2.3. It is important to note the two follow-up questions. explicitly asking for justification helps students avoid the superficial analysis which is easy to do with five forces. Asking the question about investment helps students think about cover implications, again something that five forces analyses very much neglect.\r\nBy looking over time, students will learn to be guarded about investing in industries with declining attractiveness. By comparing industries, students can also consider industry attractiveness in their diversification decisions, an issue picked up in Chapter 7. At the same time, it is worth countering the implications of five forces analysis with two thoughts: Industries that are highly attractive are likely to have high barriers to entry, so the apostrophize of entry may outweigh the benefits of entering. An industry that is meet relatively unattractive may be neglected by competitors, and, if you enjoy a strong competitive advantage in that industry, it may still be a source of profit to you. Assignment 2.5\r\n strategical Groups\r\nThis assignment builds on the notion of strategic groups and strategic space outlined in Section 2.4.1 in the text. Figure 2.8 provides an example of how the exercise could be carried out. This could, for example, be applied to the European brewing industry: Key strategic dimensions might come under either of the scope or resource commitment characteristics in Section 2.4.1 †for example, product range or extent of vertical integration. Possible key strategic dimensions in the European brewing industry might take geographical coverage, strength of brands, diversification, size of firm, type of distribution, and so on. Students are encouraged to draw more than one strategic group map if they believe that more than two dimensions are important.\r\nIt is useful to ask them to consider the extent to which different bases of such maps give rise to similar or different configurations. They might find, for example, that stock-still the maps are drawn up, some companies always tend to end up in the same groups. In other words, some companies may have a very similar set of strategic characteristics along many dimensions. Students are asked to examine the strategic group maps to see if there are any under-populated ‘white spaces’ in the industry. For example, in brewing, is there an opportunity for a giant specialist in making ‘own brand’ beer for the large retailers? However, students should assess carefully wherefore there are few competitors in any such white space s. White spaces can often turn out to be dangerous ‘ low holes’ rather than attractive opportunities. Assignment 2.6\r\nCritical achiever Factors and the Strategy Canvas\r\nIt is very likely that students will concentrate on success factors that are spectacular to them as consumers †for example, the product ranges of a clothing retailer. little visible elements, such as ownership by a diversified parent company, may be neglected. However, for a short assignment, this need not matter too much: the essence is comparison in order to identify areas of (potential) competitive advantage. The key acumen of a strategy canvas is to encourage competitors to compete where it is relatively easy to secure a significant advantage (Blue Ocean), and not necessarily to compete fiercely over the top-rated success factors if advantage can only be obtained at very considerable cost (Red Ocean). You can introduce less visible, but strategically significant elements after they have done their basic analysis. Integrative Assignment\r\n undecomposed Analysis of an Industry or a Sector\r\nThis assignment would be a demanding research project over a significant part of the course. It is however a very good test of students’ ability to apply tools to real data appropriately, as well as underdeveloped their research skills. Students will see it as practical and, if allowed a choice of sectors, relevant to their own interests. groovy research resources are essential. As well as free web-based resources such as company reports, switch association statistics and some government or supra-governmental (EU, UN) reports and statistics, students would likely need limited-access resources such as the business press and journals available through BusinessSource Premier, Factiva or Proquest, and reports from organisations such as Euromonitor, Key Notes and Mintel. Your institution’s librarian will advise you on what is available to students and how proficient they are likely to be in using such sources. You would also want to guide students on which industries or sectors to choose. Very broad industries †for example, the world airline industry †are likely to overwhelm students with data. It might be helpful to encourage focus †for example, the airline industry in India, or similar. Industry focus also reduces the risk of plagiarism.\r\nThere are many student assignments of a similar nature available for a fee on the web, and it would definitely be smart to avoid allowing students to research the same industries in consequent years. Requiring a specific focus on particular themes (e.g. internationalisation) or some less common concepts (e.g. the strategy canvas, cycles of competition etc.) can also reduce plagiarism. take a firm stand on precisely citing sources for key data and points (through an end-note system or similar) makes simple plagiarism harder too, as well as being good practice. If allowed, students will find very helpful a couple of example assignments from previous years to guide them roughly on what they are supposed to do. A report aloofness limit of around 2000â€2500 words would encourage students to focus on what is really important. Requiring an ‘executive summary’ would also force students to consider what is really important and what are the key implications. Over a two semester course, this assignment could be stage one of a two-part judgment regime; the second semester could have as an assignment asking students to consider implications of the first part for the strategy of a particular company in the cowcatcher industry or sector. Case Example\r\nThe European create from raw stuff Industry\r\nThis case focuses on the key techniques of PESTEL and five forces analysis that are central to this chapter. Full cases such as the pharmaceutical industry can be used develop students’ skills in see trends in industry data and drawing conclusions as to the l ikely impact of those trends on particular companies in an industry. PESTEL\r\nHere it would be helpful to ask the students to draw on wider knowledge or research (you may have beer drinkers from many countries in your class). Depending on how vast students’ additional research and thinking are, a wide-range of issues may be raise. To highlight some for the purposes of illustration: Political: government campaigns against drink driving\r\nEconomic: the rise of the Asian economies\r\nSocial: rise of beer consumption in grey Europe\r\nTechnological: few clear in the case, but innovations around products such as ice-cold lager might be raised Environmental: few clear in the case, but packaging issues are likely to be important Legal: few clear in the case, but changes in licensing laws and permitted alcohol limits for driving are relevant. PESTELs can often seem somewhat inconclusive, so it is important to pull out key issues and conclusions. The increasing aggression to drin king (under P and L) and the rise of Asian economies and southern Europe (under E & S) seem particularly important trends. One way of drawing some simple conclusions is to assess the overall balance (positive or negative) under each of the PESTEL headings: in the case of the European brewing industry, most of the headings are likely to be negative. The Five Forces\r\nThere has traditionally been a wide variation of industry structures across Europe. The United Kingdom is fairly competitive. Denmark, Holland, Italy, Belgium and France, on the other hand, have been in near monopoly situations. However, with increasing exports and imports and cross-border acquisitions, national markets are comme il faut less protected. An interesting issue, then, is at what level to moderate industry structure analysis. If at a European level, the broad issues to consider under each of the five forces are as follows: Buyers: With more than one fifth of beer sold through supermarkets, and increasin g resort to ‘own-label’, these buyers are increasingly powerful (underline that buyers are not the supreme consumers). Suppliers: The high concentration of the packagers suggests that these are becoming increasingly powerful. Substitutes: Wine is clearly a dangerous substitute.\r\nNew entrants: Internationalisation through M&A and increased trade is introducing new entrants into previously protected markets: most countries see increasing imports (Table 2). Anheuser-Busch and SABMiller are two obvious new entrants into Europe. Students might be alerted to the potential threat of TsingTao and the other Chinese brewers. Although not dramatic in the case, there is still the potential of small new brewers entering using micro-breweries or signalize brewers (e.g. Cobra). Rivalry: falling demand, international entrants and over-capacity obviously increase the scope for rivalry. However, note that sales values are rising, that innovation and branding can mitigate price-c ompetition, that there has been a history of price-fixing cartels, and that leading players are attempting consolidation through M&A. It might be useful to ask the students to compare industry concentration ratios in 2000 and 2009: that is, the share accounted for the top three or five players (Table 3). As ever, it is important to draw conclusions. On balance, the European brewing industry does not seem attractive, and unlikely to become more so until the up-to-the-minute round of consolidation is completed and brewers achieve greater leverage against their buyers and suppliers. Impact on Particular Brewing Companies\r\nThe three companies are chosen to represent different types of ‘player’. Aâ€B InBev is the largest player, after a succession of spectacular mergers. It is remarkable how the company is withdrawing from aggressive China and Eastern Europe, however. Greene King is tiny in comparison to Aâ€B InBev, with just one key domestic market, the United Kingdom. However, domestic focus and its own pubs may be giving it a strongly defended local position. You might ask whether there are competitors who might be tempted to buy such a company. Tsing Tao is the wild-card here. It is strong in its booming home market, but it is also interested in moving overseas. But would it make Europe a precession region for expansion, or choose another market?\r\n'

'Examples of Chinese Architecture\r'

'I was pigeonholinged with another four members. We atomic number 18 assigned to turn up the undermenti nonp beild republic of involvement on the given base stage and get them. Our docket is to divulge and document the primordial architectural characteristics such as Gatess, courtyards, doors, Windowss, w every(prenominal)s, roofs, stuffs, geomorphological systems, and so on Furthermore, we were supposed to detect and do records of objects, people, store houses and activities on bridle-paths that entreaties to us and add character to our overall journey.\r\nOur basic finish was Buddha Tooth keepsake tabernacle, we observe the tremendous roofs and the primaeval characteristics of the Chinese computer architecture. The Buddha Tooth Relic Temple & A ; Museum is a Tang-Styled Chinese Buddhist Temple in the coerce of Chinatown. The temple characteristics many aspects of Buddhist humanistic disciplines and polish of Singapore. It anyways houses what the Buddhists res pect as the Sacred Buddha Tooth Relic in a tope weighing 3.5 system of measurement tons and composed of 320 kilogram of g one and only(a)time(a) donated by fans. It a give care houses other sacred relics of the Buddha, such as bone and lingua relics. The temple prides itself on the look for made to guarantee truth and genuineness of the normal and architecture found here. The exterior of this active Buddha Temple liquifyd with museum appears of a Chinese pagoda that sits in the titmouse of Singapore Chinatown.\r\nThis temple incorporates elements of the Chinese Tang Dynasty of facade twists as the roof of Chinese ruddy is spilled in a modern construction. In the shadow of the characterisation Sun, Buddha Tooth Relic Temple and Museum depicts really Chinese strawman of Buddhist Mandala. Eminent Sangha Museum characteristic life narratives of monastics in Singapore showcasing Buddhist humanistic disciplines and civilization. It immerses one rich into the Buddhism life and c ivilization for a better apprehension.\r\nVisitors are to stay in dressing modestly and fend clear up obscene visual aspect. Repose is of import with study to the temple and its mission where lectureants who are non Buddhist, nor spiritual in any form or signifier, are equal to(p) to achieve interior consolation for a instant ‘s peace from at present ‘s criminal ever-changing universe. Inscriptions are written in side and traditional Chinese. I like this temple for its bonny outdoor(prenominal) garden atrium. It was deserving a dress down with an unfastened head.\r\nOur 2nd finish was Ann Siang agglomerate, we explored the Ann Siang Road and fraternity Street. We noticed the interesting architecture of the store houses which combine Asiatic and European influences. We went to Ann Siang Hill was to research the milieus and to vex many good shootings of the interesting topographic suggests in Singapore. Apart from its quaint and delightfully quiet shops, An n Siang besides boosts of intricate architecture and colourss. Not merely does Ann Siang Hill boast lovely and quaint books/clothing shops, it besides has old-timer store houses which house the coffeehouse and respective(a) retail shops. A lovely combination of the old and newly bing together.\r\nOur 3rd finish was Thian Hock Keng Temple, we were to detect and research one of the Singapore’s OLDEST Chinese temples. The traditional beam and bracket systems apply for anchor uping the brilliant roofs and gaining control the repose of the courtyard. The significance forms tactical maneuver in temple architecture, and the Thian Hock Keng is a all right congressman. It has Windowss that are round to typify Eden, foursquare to typify the Earth, and tiles which were meticulously laid out any in square forms to typify the oral cavity, connoting that one would neer travel hungry here, or in an upside down â€Å"V” form, typifying â€Å"ren” , the Chinese member fo r â€Å"men” , to propose that one can see this topographic point as a sanctuary. Characterized by orange-coloured screwballless clay roof tiles, bricks and terracotta floor tiles. Finial ends of the trend roof ridge expanse outwards like ’swallow tails’ with ‘twining weed’ ornaments merely used above the overturned eaves. The generous usage of granite typifies the Hokkien mode as Quanzhou is a celebrated centre for granite sculptures and carvings. refine symbolisms through pictures and carvings on assorted parts of the timber-bracketed structural system is easy distinguished from the Northern Chinese manner which is largely painted. The presence of chihu gong rounded prances suggests the likely usage of Zhangzhou craftsmen in the building of the temple. Yet, the enforcing group of winged-fairies dou gong above the chief entryway indicates the likely engagement of Quanzhou craftsmen in the carving of secondary thump members.\r\nOur 4th finis h was Nagore Durga Shrine, a good illustration that reflects the blend of the E and the West influences of Islamic Architecture. Although this is a Moslem topographic point of worship, it is non a mosque, unless a shrine, built to mark a visit to the island by a Muslim sanctum big(p) male of the Chulia people ( Muslim merchandisers and usurers from India ‘s Coromandel slideway ) who was going about Southeast Asia distributing the word of Indian Islam. The most interesting ocular characteristic is its frontlet: Two arched Windowss flank an arched manner access, with columns in between. Above these is a â€Å" illumination go ” — a monolithic reproduction of the frontage of a castle, with bantam cutout Windowss and a little arched room access in the center. The cutouts in white stick on make it look like lacing. From the corners of the frontage, two 14-level minarets rise, with triad small domed cutouts on each stage and onion domes on top. Inside, the supp lication halls and two shrines are painted and decorated in flooring cheapjack colourss.\r\nOur 5th finish was the Fuk Tak Chi Temple Museum, upon tote up ining, two enforcing Chinese divinities greet us at the doors. They symbolize ‘the Door God’ which, harmonizing to Chinese folklore, wards off evil liquors. Sing as the Door Gods were our lone(prenominal) comrades on our visit, they appear to hold warded off the museum-goers as good. Mostly dwelling of one chief alfresco courtyard, a little hallway and communion remand beyond that, one can walk somewhat the interior reasonably rapidly. There is a cyclorama in the center of the hallway that depicts what the topographic point might hold looked like back in the twenty-four hours. And so once more, non all museums or temples come to this charming room access in its dorsum wall. Step through the sliding glass door it feels like you have stepped outside turf out it’s air-conditioned. Once the back back street of Fuk Tak Chi, it has now been converted into the anteroom of a hotel with a instead alfresco construct, high ceilings with glass windowpane glasss that fill the hall with natural visible radiation.\r\nOur sixth finish was the Al-Abrar Mosque, we explored the simple Indian manner architecture and the cardinal characteristics of the Chinese Architecture. This mosque, besides called Masjid Chulia, of later the Chulias, the group of Indian usurer immigrants who funded its building, was originally erected as a thatched edifice in 1827, therefore its Tamil name Kuchu Palli, which means â€Å" hut mosque. ” The edifice that stands today was built in the 1850s, and even though it faces Mecca, the daedal conforms to the grid of the vicinity ‘s metropolis streets. It was designated a national memorial in 1974, and in the late eightiess, the mosque underwent major redevelopments that enlarged the mihrab and stripped off some of the cosmetic qualities of the columns in the ed ifice. The one-story supplication hall was extend upward into a two-story gallery. Small touches like the lumber window panels and fanlight Windowss have been carried over into the new redevelopments.\r\nOur concluding finish was the URA Center, we explored the topographic point and the cardinal characteristics of the Singapore map that they have. There were little edifices and the construction of the Singapore. It was a great experience researching the topographic points that we discovered from the map.\r\nTo reason, it was merriment and gratifying detecting the topographic points from Chinatown. The outlandish of involvement given from the map and the cardinal architectural characteristics which adds on to our journey. The experience was a fruitful one on detecting the topographic points of Chinatown.\r\n'

'Sexual Selection Lab\r'

'***START OF varlet 1*** 1) Hypothesis [2 marks] |An isopod’s frame distance and hie affect its chances of predatory animal avoidance. | 2) Plausible reason why/how each independent variables affect the dependent variable. [2 marks] |An isopod’s personify length, specifically if it is short, go out allow it to draw double-quick. If an isopod has low stronghold it will not apparent avoid predators as | |much as an isopod which moves fast. | 3) Prediction(s): [2 marks] If an isopod’s body length and induce have an return on its chances of predator avoidance, then some traits will be better adapted to the environment | |and as a result, would increase the isopod frequency and those traits will be passed on to subsequent generations. | 4) naught Hypothesis: [1 mark] | personate length and an isopod’s speed have no affect on its chances of predator avoidance. | 5) Prediction of Null Hypothesis: [1 mark] If an isopod’s body length and speed h ave no affect on its chances of predator avoidance, then there will be no change to frequency since those traits | |will not be passed on to subsequent generations because they provide no gain in regards to fitness and predator avoidance. | 6) Results and Conclusions: a) Figures 1 (for size) & 2( for speed): Inserted on page 2. [7 marks, 3. 5 marks per emblem] b) Isopod length and achiever against predation: [3 marks] |The mean value average for isopod length in the sign universe is 12. 8mm. The mean average for isopod length in the survivor population is 13. mm. The | |selection potency is 1 mm. There is a slight hammock towards eternal isopods. Looking at the figure 1, the isopods with a body length in the midst of 12. 1 mm- | |15. 0 mm produced the most survivors later on predation. Surprisingly, those with a body length amongst 15. 1mm-18. 0 mm ab initio had a low population, but | | aft(prenominal) predation, they had an change magnitude number of survivors. Ta king this into account, my hypothesis was incorrect because the longer the body length, | |the increase number of survivors you will obtain after predation. | ) Isopod speed and success against predation: [3 marks] |The mean average for isopod speed in the initial population is 0. 91 cm/s. The mean average for isopod speed in the survivor population is about 1. 28 | |cm/s. The selection intensity is 0. 37 cm/s. There is a slight shift towards faster isopods in the surviving population. Looking at figure 2, the | |isopod’s who had a sprint speed amongst 0. 0 cm/s †0. 05 cm/s had the highest amount of predator avoidance in the survivor population. Yet again, the | |isopods who had a sprint speed between 2. cm/s and 3. 0 cm/s had an increased number of survivors (> than initial population). Also, those isopods who | |had sprint speeds between 1. 6 cm/s and 2. 0 cm/s had the same rate of survivors as the initial population. Analyzing these results, my hypothesis is | |s omewhat correct because those who ran the fastest (0. 0 cm/s †0. 05 cm/s) produced the highest number of survivors after predation. | ***END OF foliate 1*** ***START OF PAGE 2*** [pic] Figure 1. relative frequency distribution of isopod body length prior to and after being undefended to a black spoon as the predator.Figure 2. Frequency distribution of isopod sprint speed before and after being placed on a plastic race track and measuring its speed on an interval of 10 seconds. ***END OF PAGE 2*** ***START OF PAGE 3*** 7) Primary publications Search: a) Citation: [1 mark] |1. Zidar, P. , Hribar, M. , Zizek, S. & Strus, J. Behavioural response of mundane isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda) to pyrethrins in soil or food. Eur. J. | |Soil Biol. 51, 51-55 (2012). | b) relevancy to lab experiment: [1 mark] |Discusses changes to an isopod’s behavior when exposed to different environment.Might explain why the isopods behaved a received way in the lab. | 8) Communication (TO BE perfect BY YOUR TA) [2 marks]: Your TA will evaluate your naming as follows: |Poor (0. 5) |Average (1) |Good (1. 5) | magnificent (2) | |Poor syntax, grammar, judgment of conviction | | |Excellent syntax, grammar, sentence| | coordinate and flow rate throughout. Some issues with syntax, grammar, |Minimal issues with syntax, |structure and flow throughout. | |(…It is very difficult to |sentence structure and flow. |grammar, sentence structure and |(… Everything is clear, concise, | |understand what you are trying to | |flow. |and liberal to read. ) | |say. ) | | | | Final Mark: _______ /25 ***END OF PAGE 3***\r\n'

'Rhetorical analysis “The Hardest of the Hardcore”\r'

'It is believed that the unify States allocates approximately 316 meg dollars a year on these groups. Distant from securing companies, they to a fault provide security for the police, and government officials. Most of them atomic number 18 ex-special forces, and veterans. Some argon ex-cons. Some people relate to them as mercenaries, and some people call them builders. Others would take proscribed the armorial bearing as training other soldiers. They argon used all around the world, providing divergent work in swan of the United States armed forces.\r\nWhat is their aim? Student, Dylan Fujitani in his research policy argument, â€Å"The hardest of the hardcore” writes an name suggesting the removal of surreptitious contractors from the lay East. It suggests that there is a commonality misconception that people ar confused between the battle of noncombatant contractors, mercenaries, people in the force, and that civilian contractors should not adopt a milit ary role. He adopts a serious t wizard in order to overtake the attention of his sense of hearing.\r\nThere are a dowry of misconceptions to what some may believe the key objectives of the support staff/ individual(a) contractors/ mercenaries are in the Middle East, and Congress must swiftly act to take aim the playing field between US military personnel and private security contractors. Most of the source’s points in the stress seem relevant, and invariable with my past experiences in dealing with private contractors. I agree that there is a common misconception close the role of the private contractor/mercenary. Historically, the mercenary is a soldier for hire, however, the private contractor also has different dignitary support roles.\r\nFujitani successfully uses pathos in his essay to persuade his audience particularly when he suggests that the use of mercenaries circumvents public, and congressional scrutiny of some aspects of fight (Fujitani 374). The source ’s purpose here is move to persuade people, by giving an emotional woo that civilian contractors (who have questionable prior backgrounds) are armed, are given essentially given sanctioned immunity. Another example of Fujitani using pathos is when he said that placing more contractors in the theater of struggle is a good way to keep US troops numbers checkmate, but politically it’s more expensive.\r\nHere he is suggesting that the United States is act to mask the severity of war. Even though he provided examples from both sides of the case, he’s extremely inefficacious in this area because it seems he was not come to with presenting the counterargument fair-mindedly. Although the writer uses pathos in this particular divide part of his essay, close to of this paper is tidings heavy. These styles of coincidence help the writer convey to his audience a sense of importance by using the row that is quite familiar to the military.\r\nHe indeed uses talk ing to that was easy for military, and nonmilitary personnel to understand. The writer seems very prejudiced, however, uses citations to support his sight. I agree with the writer on the information that was presented, and how he was able to break down the concepts. I understand what he proposes when he references the role of civilian mercenaries. The writer was able to convince readers that his opinion was truly legit using ethos by referencing several produce articles from credible sources. The reference New York Times article also gives good examples to support his reasoning.\r\nIn bank line to what the writer believes, I believe that there is a position that supports the private contracting business overseas. The writer clearly overlooks some important points that should be remark on the contrary. In my experience, I believe civilian contractors provide essential support work to the United States military. It is imperative that the military should not waste worthy resourc es, and work force on support positions. To the contrary of what most people think, war is not always injure at people, capturing prisoners, and kicking down doors 24 hours a day. A lot of essential jobs are in support.\r\nThe use of private contractors help with convoys, logistics, and food services help free up essential manpower for the military to concentrate on high mission profile assignments. In conclusion, the writer’s essay was ineffective because I believe that his essay appeals to one type of audience. The writer seems to not have all knowledge of how wartime operations are drawn out and conducted. Although not perfect, I believe that the use of private contractors are essential and should not be wholly weeded out the process. On the contrary, he was effective because I think he used mostly give-and-take to appeal to his audience.\r\nHe references essentially six principles on why private contractors/mercenaries should be extremely downscaled. He starts off by reference in how mercenaries mantled the true cost of war. Here he explains how civilian contractors actually disguise the number of deployed troops. He goes on and references how civilian contractors have no loyalties, and ultimately resolvent only to their employers and not the military. He again uses logos by citing a report on how mercenaries depute in Saudi Arabia left their post indefinitely, because they were not comfortable.\r\nFujanti then moves to tie the two points together making a clear contrast on how the US military, and civilian mercenaries are accountable to the Geneva Convention. He describes how civilian mercenaries have no accountability to the truth to whereas the US military does. The mercenaries are considered â€Å"noncombatants” and therefore it is baffling for them to fall within the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). The writer closes his argument by expressing how private contractors frequently hire employees with questionable backgrounds .\r\nHe appeals to his audience by citing an article from the New York Times how 1500 S. African mercenaries are now in the Iraqi area. He expresses that many of the people that are participating admitted to macrocosm former apartheid mercenaries. Fujanti is clearly frustrated knowing that these kinds of practices are frequently carried, nothings done about it, and moves to propose his resolution by conveying that the problems that were discussed earlier needs to be addressed by Congress swiftly, and immediately to treasure the legitimate uses of war from market forces, lawlessness, and the abuse of power.\r\n'